Exploring the Genetic and Environmental Interactions in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Implications for Targeted Treatments

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women’s reproductive and metabolic health. The interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are not yet fully understood. Objective: This study explores the genetic and environmental interactions in the development of PCOS, aiming to uncover implications for targeted and personalized treatments. Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 300 women diagnosed with PCOS, assessing genetic markers associated with insulin resistance, ovarian dysfunction, and hyperandrogenism. Environmental variables, including diet, physical activity, BMI, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), were also evaluated through clinical assessments, genetic screening, and questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including means, standard deviations, and p-values, were performed using SPSS to determine associations between these variables. Results: Genetic analysis revealed that 63% of participants exhibited significant genetic variants in the FSH receptor (FSHR) gene, which correlated with elevated insulin resistance levels (mean HOMA-IR = 3.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.02). Exposure to high-glycemic foods and obesity increased hyperandrogenism symptoms by 40% (p = 0.01). Women with a family history of type 2 diabetes showed a 25% higher incidence of severe metabolic dysfunction (p = 0.03). Standard deviation for metabolic variables, such as serum insulin levels, was 1.2 ± 0.5 (p = 0.04). Further analysis showed a significant 35% increased risk of severe symptoms among women exposed to high levels of EDCs (p = 0.01). A regression model demonstrated that genetic susceptibility combined with obesity accounted for 57% of variance in insulin resistance (R² = 0.57, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The interaction between genetic and environmental factors plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PCOS, highlighting the need for individualized, targeted treatment strategies.