Multifactorial Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Prevention: Diabetes Mellitus, Resveratrol, and Artificial Intelligence in Laboratory Medicine

Abstract

The global crisis surrounding cancer still appears unresolved, considering the numbers for 2020 show how dismal the situation was with approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths. Along with the metabolic disorders, HCC or Hepatocellular Carcinoma, usually associated with conditions as severe as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), stands at 6th rank in global cancer prevalence and 3rd in mortality rate. According to some studies, individuals with T2DM have hyperinsulinemia, persistent inflammation, and oxidative stress, which puts them at a 2-3-fold for developing liver cancer which then further emphasizes the need to study and identify these metabolic oncogenic factors. There are multiple studies corroborating that polyphenolic antioxidants such as resveratrol available in red grapes, peanuts, and berries positively influence inflammation, anti-cancer activities, and apoptosis. Despite resveratrol’s low bioavailability, its attention may have been rescued by emerging systemic delivery and formulation technologies, making preclinical works appear more favorable. Even now, cancer continues to remain one of the leading health issues around the world with an estimation of 10 million deaths and 19.3 million new cases diagnosed in 2020. HCC or Hepatocellular Carcinoma ranks 6th in the global cancer prevalence list being 3rd in the death rate list mostly due to metabolic conditions like diabetes type 2. Studies in epidemiology suggest that individuals diagnosed with T2DM have almost three times greater chance of developing liver cancer compared to those without an ailment. Supporting reasons revolve around hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress.