Comparison of Therapeutic Results of Closed and Open Repair of Mandibular Condylar Fractures

Abstract

Background: Mandibular condylar fractures are common and may be treated using either open or closed reduction techniques, each with varying functional outcomes and complications. Objective: To compare the postoperative functional outcomes and complications of closed versus open reduction in patients with mandibular condylar fractures. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Dentistry, Faridpur Medical College Hospital (2023–2024). A total of 87 patients with unilateral or bilateral mandibular condylar fractures were enrolled and grouped into closed (n=43) and open reduction (n=44) groups based on fracture severity. Functional outcomes, including maximum interincisal opening, mandibular movements, deviation, and pain scores, were assessed over a 24-month follow-up period. Data were analyzed using SPSS v24, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Open reduction resulted in significantly greater interincisal opening at 2 and 6 months postoperatively (p<0.05). However, the closed reduction group demonstrated superior lateral and protrusive mandibular movements, less deviation during mouth opening, and lower long-term postoperative pain scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: Open reduction offers better improvement in mouth opening, but closed reduction results in better overall mandibular function and less long-term discomfort. Treatment should be selected based on fracture severity and desired outcomes.